Analysis & Critique of Canadian Court System Essay

Investigation and Critique of Canadian Court System - Essay Example These models are the inquisitorial and the foe models. The Canadian Court System for the most part applies the antagonistic procedure in its legitimate procedures. Antagonistic equity framework is the best way to deal with tending to equity and correspondence in court frameworks and the Canadian Courts should keep utilizing it. Purposes behind the Adversary Justice System a definitive worry of the enemy court framework is to guarantee equivalent treatment between the arraignment and resistance. The court accept a nonpartisan position and goes about as official between the two gatherings. This framework requires all gatherings to hold fast to the law in reacting to various issues in the court. For example, cops must utilize the strategies that the law acknowledges to get proof from suspects or the blamed. The court will decide if the police utilized the fitting methods of get-together proof that are perceived by the law and are liberated from double dealing and different misbehaviors. The impartial condition of the court guarantees a reasonable preliminary for the charged (see Law Commission). Foe framework weights on exacting recognition of the law in looking for equity for all gatherings engaged with a case. This trademark gives the framework an additional preferred position over the inquisitorial equity framework. Inquisitorial equity framework includes the court in deciding realities and proof about a case. In this manner, the framework gives space for inclination where the court can support one side of the case. This is not normal for the enemy framework that advocates for recognition of the law in deciding realities about a case. Also, the inquisitorial framework denies the blamed the appropriate for protection. The framework requires the blamed to work together with the police and other court authorities during the time spent social event proof. The blamed has no appropriate for staying quiet all through the procedure not at all like in the enemy framewor k where the blamed has the privilege for deciding to stay quiet all through the court procedure. Courts in the enemy equity framework go about as chiefs of the activities of the indictment and the denounced and dispense with any practices that contention with the law. The framework doesn't allow the court the authority of supporting the arraignment against the charged. This type of reasonableness doesn't exist in the inquisitorial equity framework. It is feasible for the position or the police to constrain their clout on the blamed in their endeavor to assemble proof against that person. The law doesn't permit utilization of proof that is a consequence of intimidation of power. Cops are known to utilize exorbitant force in their endeavor to assemble proof against survivors of wrongdoing. Along these lines, including the court and the police in the process isn't to the greatest advantage of guaranteeing equivalent and only treatment for guilty parties (see Prasad). The enemy framewor k turns out to be significantly more grounded when taking a gander at rising patterns in the field of law. For example, there have been endeavors to present the arrangement of helpful equity in the court procedure. Remedial equity is a rising pattern in the court framework where casualties and wrongdoers collaborate during the time spent looking for equity. Lawful systems are not the essential prerequisites of rebuffing a guilty party under helpful equity. Rather, the guilty party must assume outright liability for their activities by persuading the casualties that the person won't rehash such an offense later on. The framework doesn't perceive the state as an operator that feels the impact of law breaking. It holds the thought that activities of wrongdoers

Moral Autobiography Essay Example

Moral Autobiography Essay Throughout the years have figured out how to turn out to be additionally tolerating and comprehensive of every single sexual direction and by and large perspectives. This can be seen especially in my top focuses on the hermeneutic circle and how I have utilized my social area to impact my perspectives on equity and sexuality. The hermeneutic circle is an instrument that can be effectively identified with the existence that have lived up until this point. This extents from scholarly to individual to business. Having a wide assortment of focuses on the hermeneutic circle is something I see as an imperative piece of who I am, and at last makes up who I am today. The main point on the hermeneutic circle that I accept is adept to my life is the absolute initial one. What is the network of responsibility for me in my life? I for one serve numerous jobs to satisfy others. The main model would be in my administration association. Am the District Secretary, and my main responsibility is to help the District Governor with anything that they may require consistently. Once in a while complete any assignment in light of the idea of how it will influence me by and by. On an increasingly instructive level, total every one of my assignments to satisfy my teachers and submit to their standards or rules. NT straightforward compose a paper how I decide to; I need to follow the rules that were set for the task. The following point on the circle would be the subsequent one. What are a portion of my loyalties expressed or inferred? This point takes me back to my administration association I am an individual from. At whatever point individuals request that I po rtray myself, I start with an individual from this association since I am faithful to them and their main goal. It is something will consistently have faith in and hold on. Another figure I would state, however altogether different, would be that am Irish American. We will compose a custom exposition test on Moral Autobiography explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Moral Autobiography explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Moral Autobiography explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer I distinguish as an Irish American since I am faithful to my family and their underlying foundations, yet in addition to the way that I was conceived in America and am an American Citizen. What disposition toward social change is being exemplified by my life decisions? This is the following point that identifies with my life. I accept that social change in America is attractive by most of Americans, anyway it is something we experience difficulty figuring how to do. Myself accept that we need social change, yet additionally have a solid inclination it won't occur. Numerous individuals are stuck on what occurred previously, and need to proceed onward to how to change the valid. We can never show signs of change the past, and that is the place us as Americans are stalling out. The last point goes connected at the hip with my next point entirely well in the setting I see it in. What are my considerations with respect to truth claims? I for one accept that there are never approaches to 100% discover reality in circumstances and that returns to social change. Any reality can be bantered according to anyone since we can have our own sentiments on things in todays society. Because I accept that something is valid, doesnt mean someone else needs to have faith in its fact. Everybody is permitted to have their own suppositions on things and every individual can have their own concept of what is valid and what isn't. Alongside that, all facts are available to assessment and understandings. Because I accept that something is genuine doesnt mean I cannot alter my perspective later on. Continually taking into consideration potential updates and reimagination. The status of authentic cases is something I see as an optional technique or approach to clarify my position or position on circumstances. At last accept this returns to the possibility of social change and the past preventing us from pushing ahead. I accept that everything that has occurred previously, both authentic and not, has made us the nation we are today and we have no compelling reason to harp on that past. At the point when I am making claims consistently permit space for others to challenge or can't help contradicting what I have stated, and never complain in the event that somebody does. Being an individual from such a help based association we are continually ricocheting thoughts off one another and giving each other input. I will concede that everybody contributes that one thought that changes the whole year and afterward there is consistently in any event one thought which you lamented saying. In this way I am consistently open to remarks on my thoughts and cases made. In my job as a Transition Leader at Default, I have continually gotten criticism from my individual companions, and worth their information and suppositions. Accepting criticism from others is an imperative piece of developing and is something I figure everybody should use in their life. Information originates from a large number of spots, and in this way there are various sorts of information. The principle wellspring of information I use is from encounters. I generally recollect things that have attempted previously, finishing both great and ineffectively. This is the manner by which I realize what to, or not to do, later on comparative circumstances. The other wellspring Of information I use is my companions. Gain from my individual friends practically every day, and it is generally so relatable. Having another person around my age to help direct me through circumstances truly helps during the extreme occasions. These focuses from the hermeneutic circle are completely directed and impacted by my social area. Social area can comprise of a wide range of things yet the one that characterize my area the most are my ethnicity, my financial class, and my sex. Every one of the three of these social area pieces play an ole of portraying who I am as an individual. At the point when somebody asks me what my ethnicity I am pleased to talk about that. I love being an Irish American, and would adore that opportunity to become familiar with my legacy one day. Having this point of view toward my ethnicity has improved my moral perspective in the manner that I am extremely open and anxious to investigate new societies and ethnicities. Just as of late I had the chance to be completely drenched in the Arabic culture and the Muslim ethnicity. Permitting myself to make me fully aware of new moral perspectives has been a piece of me that I have adored investigating the previous barely any years. There is one thing that thwarts this, and that is my financial class. I would see myself as to originate from the center monetary class, as in I cant consistently bear the cost of everything my heart needs. I couldn't imagine anything better than to set aside the effort to extend my moral perspective skyline, yet I tragically cant bear to do as such. I am never embarrassed to state am from a working class family, however at times it harms your odds to partake in some astounding encounters. Ideally one day the possibility of monetary class can't be a factor when endeavoring to advance your perspective, yet starting at right now it is blocking my capacity. At long last, my sexual orientation is one that assumes and fascinating job with regards to social area. I myself recognize as a male and lean toward manly pronouns. In any case, in the course of recent weeks I have discovered that not every person is so straightforward. This is the explanation that sex assumes such an immense job in my eyes. I have never had any issues with my sexual orientation and it never gathered to me that others may while growing up. Sexual orientation is something is doled out to us, and isn't something that we get the chance to pick, and accordingly quite often will affect every individual social area. It doesnt matter what you distinguish as or what you want to be called, your sexual orientation will be your sex regardless. These parts of my social area all meet up to help make my general meaning of the word equity. Equity is something that I don't completely have faith in, anyway have characterized it in an exceptionally clear manner in my life. Equity is the point at which the right discipline or prize is doled out to an activity finished by a human, creature, or element. The difficult I have with this is who gets the chance to choose what is correct and what's up? There has consistently been some dim back with regards to good and bad since it isn't generally so clear. Likewise, in certain circumstances we may state it is correct and afterward another person should think about it to not be right. Would it be advisable for one to individual rebuff an individual while another person commends another? I don't accept that this will switch until we think of an extreme method to obviously characterize something as right or wrong. Generally speaking, everything that has any type of significance in my life has framed together to make me the person I am today. Will this be diverse then each and every other human on the planet? Obviously it will, however that is additionally makes us what our identity is.

12 important points to keep in mind while writing MBA application essays

12 important points to keep in mind while writing MBA application essays Test scores and grades are important, but admissions to business school is about more than getting good numbers. To compete successfully with a large group of high quality applicants, put in the work to assure that your essays are outstanding. After over fourteen years helping applicants with thousands of MBA application essays as an MBA admissions consultant, a dozen important points stand out as key to keep in mind when writing these key essays: 1. Answer what was asked. Surprisingly, most applicants think they answered the question asked but did not. Writing MBA application essays is a new challenge for most applicants, who have no basis on which to gauge their answers. An experienced MBA Admissions Consultant can help ensure you havent missed the mark. 2. “I’ll just write a few common essays, and use them for all my applications.”A typical MBA school requires a set of several essays, ranging from one to as many as ten for some European business schools. Top US b-schools typically require four or five essays. Many schools ask questions which have similar elements but are not exactly the same. To be competitive, each essay needs to be carefully answered as it is asked, which means school by school. And if you do use the same essay twice, be careful to change the school name everywhere, since many applicants overlook thata sure application killer! 3. Stay on track! As you add details about an example, it often becomes harder and harder to follow the line of your thoughts. The school wants to learn about you, not about the situations you’ve been in. Take the readers by the hand and guide them through to keep the focus on your main point, only sharing details that support that point. 4. Put extra effort into the question about your career. Be sure you powerfully portray your short-term and long-term career goals; how an MBA will fill any existing gaps between where you are now and reaching those goals; and (if asked) the level of research you’ve done to match the school’s unique offerings to your future career. Be careful to not simply restate your resume in detail herea common pitfall in many first drafts. 5. “I’m way over the word limit but there’s nothing that I can cut out!” Schools evaluate your ability to write concisely. An admissions consultant will help you focus on whats important and what isnt so you can stay under the word limit. Don’t give the admissions staff an easy way to choose someone else over you because you ignored the school’s word or page limit instructions! 6. “I changed my career goals for one school because that school is known for finance, whereas the other schools focus on marketing.” It is a huge mistake to completely change your answers based on what you think a school wants to hear. Schools are looking to understand the real you. It is true that certain characteristics are important for all applicants, such as leadership potential and communication skills. But more than anything else, schools are looking to admit diverse classes. If you try to change yourself to be what you think a school wants, you may be surprised to learn that they already had too many who fit that description and that your unique characteristics were exactly what they were looking for. 7. Do not use overly sophisticated language. Many overdo it, trying to impress a school, but it comes out reading stilted. Stay real and conversational. 8. Your essays should show Leadership, leadership, leadership. The number one quality to emphasize in your essays is leadership. Tell the admissions committee what your unique flavor of leader is. What doyour friends and colleagues say your greatest leadership talents are? Identify these skills as specifically as possible, and support them with examples from your professional (and possibly personal) life. 9. Don’t use examples of your experience prior to college. Schools will think you dont have anything worth talking about since then, and they dont want to admit people who did not (and will not) continue to achieve great things! 10. Never ask anyone, including an admissions consultant, to write essays for you. Schools will automatically reject you if it appears that you didnt write your own essays. 11. Never lie. Even if your personal ethics would allow you to lie in an application, you may be caught at some point, especially with schools now carefully checking out details. Never lie! 12. Never send in any essays with typos, spelling mistakes or grammatical errors. No one is perfect, but sending in essays with typos, misspelled words, or grammatical errors can give an admissions officer an easy way to rule you out. Do you have more ideas of what makes a great business school application essay? Please share your questions/comments below. Need guidance in your MBA/EMBA Application process? Maximize your applications with help from The Essay Experts MBA Admissions Consulting Services. Or feel free to email me directly at larryessayexpert@gmail.com. Larry Sochrin

Online Social Media And Social Networking Essay - 1568 Words

Malicious URL Detection First Author1, Second Author2, Third Author3 1Details author1@email.com 2Details author2@email.com 3Details author3@email.com Abstract: Online social media services like Facebook witness an exponential increase in user activity when an event takes place in the real world. This activity is a combination of good quality content like information, personal views, opinions, comments, as well as poor quality content like rumours, spam, and other malicious content. Although, the good quality content makes online social media a rich source of information, consumption of poor quality content can degrade user experience, and have inappropriate impact in the real world. In addition, the enormous popularity, promptness, and reach of online social media services across the world makes it essential to monitor this activity, and minimize the production and spread of poor quality content. Multiple studies in the past have analysed the content spread on social networks during real world events. However, little work has explored the Facebook social network. Two of the ma in reasons for the lack of studies on Facebook are the strict privacy settings, and limited amount of data available from Facebook, as compared to Twitter. With over 1 billion monthly active users, Facebook is about times bigger than its next biggest counterpart Twitter, and is currently, the largest online social network in the world. In this literature survey, we review the existing researchShow MoreRelatedSocial Media And Networking. Online Social Media Sites1285 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Media and Networking Online social media sites enable users to connect with other people who share similar interests. Members of the social networking world can post news, videos, pictures, and other content. The huge popularity of these social media sites has generated debate on a variety of issues, including safety concerns, privacy, and usage. A social network is â€Å"an online service or site through which people create and maintain interpersonal relationships† (Merriam-Webster 2017). SocialRead MoreSocial Networking Media and Using Proper Online Ettiquette877 Words   |  4 Pagesperceived online. This way the corporation can better protect the individual member, regulating positive and negative impacts to individual character online, while still marketing and extracting private information for future corporate uses, yet to be determined. Better explanations are also needed to explain the basic information needed to guide people to understanding the â€Å"social media† guidelines as well as implications made from participating in online media forums. First, social networking mediaRead MoreThe Effect Of Social Media On The Working Environment And Survey Its Utilization As A Successful Business Tools1678 Words   |  7 Pageslook over the effect of social media communication in the working environment and survey its utilization as a successful business tools. The paper will investigate the drivers of improvement and obstacle to change and investigate whether the explanations behind a few associations forbidding or limiting social media communication in the working environment is generally established or corporate suicide. The paper looks to investigate the connection between social networking and organizational societyRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On The Workplace Essay1563 Words   |  7 PagesSocial media becomes important in people’s lives despite age, gender, social level, profession, language or locality. Modern technologies are used by individuals including student nurses across the world for different purposes, such as, to stay up to date with worldwide news; exchange information or ideas and share views; aid in recovery and education; keep in touch with family and friends. This comes with great responsibilities for nurses not only to become confident social media users and incorporateRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On Society Essay1416 Words   |  6 Pages Social media sites, including Facebook, LinkedIn, Pinterest, Twitter, and Instagram, provide opportunities for people to connect with each other and have become exceedingly popular in recent years. However, there are increased numbers of mental health problems such as mood problems, emotional issues, and addiction in teenagers as they overuse social media. Advocates of social media may claim that social networking platforms benefit adolescents by increasing connectivity, helping people make friendsRead MoreEssay on Facebook and Social Networking947 Wor ds   |  4 Pagespart of the popular Facebook culture for various reasons, such as its renowned opportunities for keeping in touch with current social circles, reunifying long lost family and friends and broadening prospects of finding new companions. Facebook removes some of the barriers that may limit our regularity of communication with people, upholding the geographic differences, social class, busy lifestyles and economic factors that may usually discourage us from regular contact. (Cooke 2011, pp. ix-4) FacebookRead MoreCreating a Social Media Strategy Essay1317 Words   |  6 Pagesdecade, internet usage has been significantly influenced by the use of social media and it radically transformed the use of internet. Understanding the impact of social media on personal, social and also institutional level can utilize it efficiently. Social media is a platform which enables interactive communication among individuals, communities and organizations. The authors of Users of the World, Unite! define social media as a group of Internet-based applications that build on the ideologicalRead MoreThe Dangers Of Social Media1177 Words   |  5 PagesCarlos M. Fernandez Cornelius Brownlee Fund. Of Speech September 18, 2015 Dangers of Social Media In the offline world, communities are much more easily managed, and rules enforced. However, in the virtual world that is the internet, rules become arbitrary. It is scary how much we have incorporated social media into our lives, to the point we are almost dependent on it. While social networking sites may have started off as places where we could share thoughts with our peers and communicate with ourRead MoreHow Technology Can Be Dangerous For Youth887 Words   |  4 Pagesform that commonly occupies our attention and focus is social media. Social media is any communication that can be done using electronics. Not only do older people find themselves immersed in social media, but so do children. This form of technology can be dangerous for youth, tactically imbedding snares, which can easily entangle them. One thing, or person should I say, that children don’t think about when they are networking on social media, is the adult predator. According to the article â€Å"ChildrenRead MoreSocial Networking in the Business World Essay1435 Words   |  6 Pagesyour competitors, and be on the lookout for new ways to get noticed. Social networking has emerged as one of the latest trends in business today, and utilizing the social media for sales, marketing, and recruiting can drive your business and help it flourish. Online social networks are becoming critical business tools, and with this technology at your fingertips, you must take advantage of the opportunity, and let the social media take some of the guesswork out of your business strategies. Communication

Ancient Egypt The Nile River - 1287 Words

Ancient Egypt Unified in around 3100 BC, Ancient Egyptians developed one of the best known cultures in this world. Egypt, like many other civilizations before and after it, depended and relied on geography and natural landforms to flourish. The most important of these was the Nile. The Nile River is the longest river in the world, spanning over 4,000 miles long. It runs from Central Africa and north to the Mediterranean Sea. The Egyptians developed on a 750-mile stretch of the Nile. Every year, the Nile flooded because of heavy precipitation to the south and brought fertile soil to the Egyptians. But the Nile wasn t the only geographic feature that that helped and benefitted the Egyptians. With the desert to the west, Mediteerranean to the north, and mountains to the east, the only way to reach Egypt was through the Nile River. But because of cataracts, fast moving rapids in the river, the Nile was very difficult, almost impossible to cross and sail up. Therefore, Egypt was protected from invaders on all sides, allowing it to develop peacefully, for a time. Egypt was divided into two regions, or Kingdoms. The one up north was called the Lower Egypt, and the one to the south was called Upper Egypt. You might think this was strange, because North is usually upper and south was lower, but this was not the case in Ancient Egypt. This is so because in Egypt, the Nile was how they classified Egypt. Each kingdom had its own capitol: Pe for Lower and Nekhen for theShow MoreRelatedHow Did The Nile River Affect Ancient Egypt833 Words   |  4 Pages The Nile River shaped the civilization of Ancient Egypt in many different and important ways, which includes agriculturally, geographically, and economically. It allowed them to grow crops in the harsh Sahara Desert. The Nile River determined where the Egyptians made their cities and settlements. It also allowed them to form a civilization with a booming economy when there was still wooly mammoths roaming the Ea rth. The Nile River was an essential in order for both ancient and modern Egypt to formRead MoreAncient Egypt : The Greatest Ancient Civilizations869 Words   |  4 PagesAncient Egypt was one of the greatest ancient civilizations in human history. Ancient Egypt was the longest lasting civilization in the ancient world and lasted for about 2,500 years. ancient Egypt was able to last so long because of their many great accomplishments. The most important thing that lead to the accomplishments and success of ancient Egypt was The Nile River. Ancient Egypt is often referred to as the â€Å"Gift of the Nile† because of how important the Nile River was to the success and longevityRead MoreCharacteristics Of The Nile River733 Words   |  3 PagesAncient Egyptians were a very advanced and thriving civilisation based along the banks of the Nile River. Developing a writing system called hieroglyphs, that combined pictures and symbols which later turned to be an alphabet is proof o f their intelligence in becoming an advanced civilisation. They developed a writing system called hieroglyphs, that combined pictures and symbols which later turned to be an alphabet. This is proof of their intelligence in becoming an advanced civilisation. The NileRead MoreThe Nile River-Egypt1187 Words   |  5 PagesThe Nile River is arguably one of the most important water sources in the world and has an extremely rich history dating back thousands of years. Without the Nile, the ancient Egyptian civilization would have never existed. Egypt is basically a whole lot of sand and not much else, except they have the Nile River flowing through it, on it’s way to the Mediterranean sea. The ancient Egyptians lived along the Nile River and it provided them with abundant water, food (fish) and the opportunity to developRead MoreThe Egyptians were experts at trading, importing and exporting goods with various countries. Due to800 Words   |  4 Pagesgeographical location, Ancien t Egypt was able to obtain great success through trading and commerce. The Nile River provided many inlets into the Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea, these passages allowed for greater opportunities for trading and communication with neighboring countries. The use of vessels proved to be a great resource in securing the Egyptian economy with its vast amount of riches, providing the main mode of transportation for trade and travel. This paper will examine Ancient Egypt’s relationRead MoreWhat ´s Webiography?946 Words   |  4 Pagesassignment. Ancient history is something I never taught I will be interested in until I started watching the history channel, although it is a prerequisite for a degree course I have always had interest in knowing more about this course and one thing I noticed from watching the history channel is, it has connection with the bible. For this assignment, am going to be writing about; the Egyptian pyramid, the Greece gods and the River Nile. I picked these three topics because it goes back to ancient historyRead MoreThe Geography Of Ancient Egypt1510 Words   |  7 Pages Ancient Egypt was one of the most powerful and innovative civilizations. As one of the six civilizations to arise independently, Egypt eventually became one of the most influential nations that lasted over three thousand years, from 3000 B.C to around 30 B.C Egypt boasted of strong leaders, a rich culture, a hierarchical society, and the source of much of it’s wealth, the Nile. The Nile provided the Egyptians with necessities like food, water, transportation, building supplies, and more. Using theRead MoreTaking a Look at Ancient Egypt1181 Words   |  5 PagesAtlantic Ocean. Africa is known to have many diverse environments, which include arid areas, semi-arid, Tropical rainforests, Savanna, vast swamps and snowcapped mountains in the south of Africa. The first ever civilization in Africa was in Egypt along the river Nile. This civilization later spr ead to the other parts of Africa. The emergence of civilization in Africa provided a framework for most of developments in African history. There were different setups cultural and political aspects when civilizationRead MoreEssay On Ancient Egypt And Mesopotamia867 Words   |  4 Pages Though most ancient civilizations settled on rivers, each one tended to be different due to the characteristics of their nearby rivers. Two civilizations that differed significantly from one another were the civilizations of Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt. Not only are the rivers of Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt seemingly perfect to compare, but the two civilizations also existed around the same time as one another; meaning that the overall impact of their respective rivers on their societies canRead MoreHistorical Characteristics Of Ancient Egypt Essay1299 Words   |  6 Pagesmolded by the location of the civilization is Egypt. Egypt is located in Northern Africa and is surrounded by and impacte d by the Sahara Desert, Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, and running through the civilization is the Nile River. These geographical characteristics play a vital role in the development of the politics, religion, and architecture of the ancient Egypt civilization. Before explaining the developments of these disciplines of ancient Egypt, these geographical characteristics and their

I am malala Free Essays

Independent Reading l. Cultural Connections Mall Housefly is the protagonist, narrator, and author of I Am Mall. She is born into a religious Pakistan family in Swat during a time of women oppression. We will write a custom essay sample on I am malala or any similar topic only for you Order Now Housefly makes a point to write about her happiness and freedom before Taliban took over. Her Pakistan heritage encourages many cultural traditions including dressing conservatively. Women are instructed to show respect by wearing bursas, which covered their face and body. The role of women is to cook and care for their families, â€Å"We’d [women] be expected to cook and serve our brothers and fathers. While boys and men could roam freely about town, my mother and I could not go out without a male relative to accompany us, even if it was a five-year-old boy! This was the tradition† (26). Mall is a smart girl who had correct morals and beliefs. Her two priorities are religion and education. Mall does not agree with Taliban laws, including the emphasis of education only available for men. Mammal’s father, too, believes that such a thing was wrong. Her father and the holy Quern support her to stick up for what she believed in. She speaks on behalf of the community and those ho were afraid to speak up, â€Å"The more interviews I gave, the stronger I felt and more support we received† (141). This courage leads her to win the Noble Peace Prize. Written in her perspective, Mall uses many of her own experiences throughout the novel. â€Å"She [Amoeba] always says, ‘l have four brothers, and if I do even the slightest thing wrong they can stop me from going to school† (77). Mall explains both the history of women oppression and her own personal experiences to depict the horrible conditions in Pakistan. II. Vocabulary in Context Charisma: compelling charm that can inspire devotion in others; â€Å"Even today people elk of Mr.. Bout as a man of great charisma† (20). This word attracted me because it is in 100 Words to Make You Sound Smart. It promotes Mr.. Bathtub’s character. Chapatti: unleavened flattered made from flour and water; â€Å"My mother made our usual breakfast of sugary tea, chapattis, and fried egg† (118). This word attracted me because I was unfamiliar with it. It describes the food Mammal’s culture ate on a normal day. Martyr: a person who is killed because of their religious beliefs; â€Å"Some of the girls refused, saying that their teachers had taught them that to become a martyr s a glorious thing† (66). This word attracted me because I was unfamiliar with it. It encourages religion as the number one priority in their culture. Unexamined: Islamic soldiers; â€Å"The unexamined will find you wherever you go’ (105). I chose this word because it is an Urdu term. It describes the threat to Mammal’s father, telling him to shut down his school. Blasphemous: profound; â€Å"Muslims widely considered it blasphemous and it provoked so much outrage that it seemed people were talking of little else† (27). I chose this word because it reminded me of ‘lurid’ from 100 Words to Make You Sound Smart. It describes how angry Muslims were about the book published that was considered a parody of the Prophet’s life. Burma: a long garment that covers everything from head to toe that Muslim women wear in public; â€Å"Wearing a Burma is like walking inside big fabric shuttlecock with only a grille to see through and on hot days it’s like an oven† (37). This word attracted me because it was surrounded by similes. It describes the clothing women had to wear, supporting the idea that women do not have it easy. Aba: affectionate Urdu term meaning â€Å"father†; â€Å"Aba, I am confused. ‘ I told my father† (101). This word attracted me because ABA means father in Hebrew, too. This word describes how Mall was bilingual as sometimes she refers to her father in Urdu. Barbaric: exceedingly brutal; â€Å"If anything the Taliban became even more barbaric† (86). This word attracted me because my brother used to use it frequently in his vocabulary. This word describes how cruel and powerful the Taliban became. Commiserated: express sympathy or pity; â€Å"When I was born, people in our village commiserated with my mother and nobody congratulated my father† (1). This word attracted me because I was unfamiliar with it. It describes the tragedy that it was to be a girl at the time. Autonomous: having self- government; â€Å"†¦ We went with the newly created Pakistan but stayed autonomous† (13). This word attracted me because I was unfamiliar with it. It is used to describe the independence once Britain divided from India. Ill. Writers’ reflection: Throughout the novel, despite all of her misfortunes, Mall manages to keep a strong and optimistic attitude. Even in the hospital while she was struggling to survive, Mall does not want to seek revenge on the people that hurt her, â€Å"I didn’t even think a single bad thought about the man who shot me-?I had no thoughts of revenge-?I Just wanted to go back to Swat. I wanted to go home† (282). This quotation shows how Mall never had bad intentions. She believes that if one takes revenge for wrongdoings done to them, the fighting would go on and on, â€Å"There is no time limit† (39). Mammal’s writing is consistent in that she effectively delivered personal and emotional stories. She uses figurative language including imagery and similes to create a picture in readers’ minds to help them further understand her perspective, Our words were like the eucalyptus blossoms of spring tossed away on the wind† (142). This quotation explains how her voice was not heard right away. It took time and effort, and so will most things people speak up for. She teaches readers not to give up on what matters to them. She uses a metaphor to describe the relationship between her and her father . â€Å"†¦ L was his universe† (246). Together, they worked to get their voices heard. The diction throughout the novel is mostly informal. However, towards the end when she wins the award and meets highly respected officials, her beech becomes more formal, â€Å"l will request you all, and I will request that if you can help us in our education, so please help us† (184). Overall, I enjoyed Houseboat’s story. I think that she shared many important lessons. Reading the book in her perspective opened my eyes and made me grateful to have as much freedom as I do. It amazes me that I am the same age as Mall, for she has accomplished so much in her life. Mall Yugoslavia is an inspiration to me and an inspiration to all. How to cite I am malala, Papers

THE SUPERMICRO P4DC6 MOTHERBOARD Essay Example For Students

THE SUPERMICRO P4DC6 MOTHERBOARD Essay THE SUPERMICRO P4DC6 MOTHERBOARDIntroductionThe supermicro P4DC6 Motherboard is a server motherboard that has the most up-to-date specifications and features. The PC motherboard was first introduced in 1960, when Digital Equipment introduced the first minicomputer (PC). The PDP-1, which sold for US$120,000, was the first commercial computer equipped with a keyboard and monitor. This motherboard was MUCH larger than the ones we see today. Todays motherboards are merely one-tenth the size of the ones in 1960. The SUPER P4DC6 is a little bigger than the normal ATX (8 x 10.5) at 12 x 13. The SUPER P4DC6 is an extended ATX form factor (as stated earlier the extended is larger) motherboard. Using the latest Intel technology in the form of the i860 chipset means stability and reliability will be in the forefront of this board features. The Intel i860 chipset utilizes the new modular design of the 800 family of chipsets. Like other 800 series chipsets, the Intel i860 chipset has two core components. The first half is the 82860 Memory Controller Hub (MCH), which is the main interface to the processor host bus, the memory, and graphics interface. This is scalable design architecture with many benefits. The second half of this chipset, the 82801BA I/O Controller Hub (ICH2) delivers twice the I/O (input/ output) bandwidth over traditional bridge architecture and provides dedicated data paths, which fully optimizes the additional bandwidth available for improved performance across the board. A prefetch cache (stores what it thinks your next process will be before you do it), integrated into the Intel i860 chipset, allows highly efficient data flow and also helps to minimize system inconsistencies enhancing stability in the boards performance. The P4DC6 utilizes Dual Intel 603 Xeon CPUs in speeds from 1.5 GHZ 2.0 GHZ, and will allow higher speed processors at the BIOS through flash updates. The i860 chipset supports a 400MHZ system bus which is quad piped 100MHZ FSB that uses the dual channel 600/800 MHZ RDRAM (Rambus Dynamic Read Only Memory) with memory transfer rates as high as 3.2 GB/s. Due to the large power requirements and to ensure system stability, a 400W (min.) ATX12V power supply (with both 4-pin and 8-pin +12V power connecter) is required for operating the SUPER P4DC6 correctly. There are many main parts of the SUPER P4DC6 motherboard, but the 3 main parts discussed in this paper are the memory slots, chipset and integrated I/O ports. Figure 1.0 SUPER P4DC6 MotherboardDiscussionThe memory slotsThe memory slots are made of highly heat resistant plastic (see Figure 1-1) with gold pin connectors lining the middle of the slot from end to end (see Figure 1-2). As well, there are tabs (one on each side) that hold on to the RAM when it is installed (see Figure 1-3). These tabs are also made of plastic and are very small in size. The memory slots hold 184- pin SIMM RDRAM with a total of 4 slots available on the SUPER P4DC6 motherboard. The slots are made specifically for this type of memory module (RDRAM) and are directly related to the PCI bus, thus shouldnt be any other RAM. Figure 1.1RDRAM slotsFigure 1.2-Gold contactsFigure 1.3-TabsChipset The chipset is a hard thin plastic (see Figure 2-1) chip, which coat millions of transistors squeezed inside. These transistors pass the data through gold plated pins (see figure 2-2) from the chip to the board. The pins connect directly onto the motherboard (see Figure 2-3), making them fully integrated to the board. The chips on the SUPER P4DC6 both look identical on the exterior by shape and texture, but are different in size. The 82860 MCH is 1.6 cm x 1.6 cm and the 82801BA is 1.1cm x 1.1 cm. They also have very different purposes, as stated in the intro. Figure 2.1- Plastic coverFigure 2.2-PinsFigure 2.3-Connectors on boardIntegrated USB I/O portThe USB port is 1cm wide x 1/3 cm high and is a metal rectangle (see Figure 3-1) with a thin straight plastic divider in the upper half of the port (see figure 3-2). This is used as a guide as wells as to keep the pins from connecting with the wrong side. There are four gold plated pins (see Figure 3-3) that integrated to the metal casing. Two of the pins are slightly longer than the other two and are the power pins. The other two pins are the data pins. The pins are like this so that no matter what the device gets power before the data is sent (creating an error). This is also because the USB port is for Plug and Play devices (can just plug it in and use it right away). .uf02d811a28853307502994f4b1cbbf07 , .uf02d811a28853307502994f4b1cbbf07 .postImageUrl , .uf02d811a28853307502994f4b1cbbf07 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf02d811a28853307502994f4b1cbbf07 , .uf02d811a28853307502994f4b1cbbf07:hover , .uf02d811a28853307502994f4b1cbbf07:visited , .uf02d811a28853307502994f4b1cbbf07:active { border:0!important; } .uf02d811a28853307502994f4b1cbbf07 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf02d811a28853307502994f4b1cbbf07 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf02d811a28853307502994f4b1cbbf07:active , .uf02d811a28853307502994f4b1cbbf07:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf02d811a28853307502994f4b1cbbf07 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf02d811a28853307502994f4b1cbbf07 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf02d811a28853307502994f4b1cbbf07 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf02d811a28853307502994f4b1cbbf07 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf02d811a28853307502994f4b1cbbf07:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf02d811a28853307502994f4b1cbbf07 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf02d811a28853307502994f4b1cbbf07 .uf02d811a28853307502994f4b1cbbf07-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf02d811a28853307502994f4b1cbbf07:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Keys to a Great Story EssayFigure 3.1-Metal portFigure 3.2-Plastic dividerFigure 3.3-Pins ConclusionSUPERMICRO has definitely come up with a super motherboard in the P4DC6, a feature filled board that offers the user a wide range of flexibility in its configuration options. This system never bat an eye at anything done when running real world applications including being used as a game server with many users accessing the machine at the same time. The ability to use the new 10,000 RPM SCSI drives makes access times almost quicker than you can click the buttons when working in the Windows environment. Even when multitasking with many different applications running the s ystem never missed a beat which was quite impressive making this a very reliable multi tasking product. For just raw power this system will be hard to beat, SUPERMICRO did one hell of a job with this motherboard. Words/ Pages : 960 / 24

Abortion And Politics Essays - Abortion, Sexual Revolution

Abortion And Politics a?bor?tion: n. 1. Induced termination of a pregnancy and expulsion of an embryo or fetus that is incapable of survival. 2. A miscarriage. 3. Cessation of normal growth, esp. of a body part, prior to full development or maturation. 4. An aborted organism. 5. Something malformed or incompletely developed; a monstrosity. ?We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.? So wrote the founders of our country: the authors of the Declaration of Independence in 1776. They stated that one of our most undeniable rights, as a citizen in this country, is the right to life. But when does life begin? It is the question that has fueled the debate over abortion since the landmark Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade in 1973. Although the controversy regarding the issue has traditionally fallen to a more religious and moral debate, it still has powerful political implications and can easily stir great amounts of emotion in the political arena. Women had been obtaining abortions illegally for countless years before Roe, and the public was calling for change. The political fervor led to a climax when ?Jane Roe? entered the courts challenging the abortion law in her state of Texas. The Texas State law regarding abortion had remained virtually unchanged since its establishment in 1857. The law stated that it was a crime to ?procure an abortion? except in the event that it was ?procured or attempted by medical advice for the purpose of saving the life of the mother.? Jane Roe (a pseudonym since she wanted to remain anonymous) brought her case that challenged the law to the Supreme Court. Roe's lawyers realized that by the time the lawsuit would be heard, the plaintiff would no longer be pregnant; therefore, they brought the suit on behalf of all women with unwanted pregnancies. The Supreme Court Justices heard the case and the outcome is one of the most memorable rulings in the history of the Court's rulings. The judgement, which the Justices by a 7-2 vote declared the law unconstitutional, voided any state law that restricted a woman's right to obtain an abortion. Under the new decision, a woman is permitted to terminate her pregnancy for any reason provided tha t the fetus in not viable. After viability, states can prevent abortion except if it is necessary to preserve the health or life of the mother. The decision to declare the law unconstitutional was made by a mostly liberal, Democratic panel of Justices. Some analysts have suggested that the decision should have been made by a demographically elected legislature instead of ?appointed for life? Supreme Court Justices. As public opinion polls showed, the court's determination of the value of embryonic life differed completely with that of the masses. Antiabortion groups were outraged by the decision. These same groups often equated the legalization of abortion to the Nazi holocaust and the case was compared to that of Dred Scott v. Samford, the infamous 1857 case that declared that blacks had no rights. In both instances, the court ruled that a group of ?people? (slaves in Dred and human embryos in Roe) to be ?nonpersons.? It was also argued that both rulings were made to invalidate certain instances: in Dred, the Missouri Compromise was voided and in Roe, it ?invalidated the efforts of state legislatures to reform their abortion laws without surrendering state jurisdiction over abortion.? In the years following Roe, several new laws were introduced and rejected. For instance, a law requiring parental consent for minors to obtain an abortion in all cases was argued and struck down. In another trial, the court ruled that the father could not override a woman's decision to terminate her pregnancy. However, pro-life groups won some victories, as federal funding of abortions was greatly restricted. Those opposed to abortion were given a glimmer of hope when Congress attempted to overturn the now eight-year-old decision with a new piece of legislature. In April of 1981, Senator Jesse Helms (R, N.C.) and Representative Henry J. Hyde (R, Ill.) proposed a controversial statute that

Free Essays on Gay Adoptions

Do you think sexuality should be a issue in deciding who adopts a child? The Children’s Society has decided to consider placing children with homosexuals because of a shortage of families willing to take on problem children. Gay rights groups have applauded the policy change. Gay couples should not be allowed to adopt children. Those who agree with homosexual adoption say there should be no reference to sex or sexuality when a child is considered fro adoption. What matters is the commitment to provide a caring and loving home for that child. But, the reason why so many children are in foster care now is because they usually come from dysfunctional, single parent, and gay households in the first place. It is unfair to the child. No matter how loving and caring the parents may be that child will have to face people outside the home. Next, people who are for gay adoption say couples lifestyle is the same as a straight person’s, whether male or female, and are capable of providing, care love and commitment to each other and to any child they raise. Yet, the responses from children who have experienced being raised in a gay household have been negative, most positive responses have come from the parents. Also, if a single parent wants to adopt, they can’t because the child needs the opposite sex p arent in its life. And, while gay people can love them as much as straight, they cannot give them all they need. Finally, those who feel that gay couples should be allowed to adopt say the only question that matters is whether each particular couple would make good parents. Sexuality should not be an issue. But, by nature lesbian and gay couples are not able to reproduce naturally, no matter how loving they may be. Since they are not able to do that why should they be allowed to adopt? The fact remains that there are homophobic people in society. So, until we deal with them, we should not expect children to share the adversity that gay peopl... Free Essays on Gay Adoptions Free Essays on Gay Adoptions Do you think sexuality should be a issue in deciding who adopts a child? The Children’s Society has decided to consider placing children with homosexuals because of a shortage of families willing to take on problem children. Gay rights groups have applauded the policy change. Gay couples should not be allowed to adopt children. Those who agree with homosexual adoption say there should be no reference to sex or sexuality when a child is considered fro adoption. What matters is the commitment to provide a caring and loving home for that child. But, the reason why so many children are in foster care now is because they usually come from dysfunctional, single parent, and gay households in the first place. It is unfair to the child. No matter how loving and caring the parents may be that child will have to face people outside the home. Next, people who are for gay adoption say couples lifestyle is the same as a straight person’s, whether male or female, and are capable of providing, care love and commitment to each other and to any child they raise. Yet, the responses from children who have experienced being raised in a gay household have been negative, most positive responses have come from the parents. Also, if a single parent wants to adopt, they can’t because the child needs the opposite sex p arent in its life. And, while gay people can love them as much as straight, they cannot give them all they need. Finally, those who feel that gay couples should be allowed to adopt say the only question that matters is whether each particular couple would make good parents. Sexuality should not be an issue. But, by nature lesbian and gay couples are not able to reproduce naturally, no matter how loving they may be. Since they are not able to do that why should they be allowed to adopt? The fact remains that there are homophobic people in society. So, until we deal with them, we should not expect children to share the adversity that gay peopl...

SIX WAY TO BE A BETTER LISTENER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SIX WAY TO BE A BETTER LISTENER - Essay Example In any case, I believe I should follow this point to be a better listener. On the other hand, I believe I follow the second point more exactly as I do not ask excessive questions and stay on the topic being discussed rather than jump from conversation to conversation. Similarly, I believe that I have positive body language while communicating with people with good eye contact and mirrored postures. Since body language is reportedly the major component of communication, I feel that this is one thing which makes me a good communicator and a good listener. However, there are times when my mind wanders in a conversation which means that the third point mentioned in the article requires some additional work on my part. Often I have difficulties in staying focused on what the other person is saying and indulge in going against the fourth point mentioned in the article as I unknowingly mentally judge people during a conversation. I have to become better at understanding other people’s point of view and to know where they are coming from in a given conversation. At the same time, I know that people have different perspectives about the same topics and I understand that people may take even the most controversial topics in stride. This understanding allows me to understand people’s feelings about the topic and recognize when a person is upset or angry about something from the way they speak and their body language. Thus I am able to go beyond just the words which are being used and get to the heart of the matter with regard to what the person I am talking to really feels about a given subject. Similarly, I am good at reassuring people that I have understood what they have said and understood what they mean when they are trying to tell me something. This brings me in line with the sixth point of being a good listener which suggests that a person should convey to the speaker that the message given by him/her has been understood and appreciated.

Culture and Leadership in Microsoft Research Paper

Culture and Leadership in Microsoft - Research Paper Example Culture and leadership are the two main and basic features of the organizations involved in any kind of business or service provision. These elements enable a company to flourish and achieve its aims and objectives in a much clearer way than those workplaces which lack proper formulation and translation of the values and norms. When we see the success stories of the leading, global firms around us, it gives a good realization of the fact that a good leadership and a sophisticated organizational culture form a good organization. This paper discusses the concept of organizational culture and leadership in a detailed context. It also gives a comprehensive overview of these concepts with reference to Microsoft. Organizational Culture The concept of organizational culture plays an important role in the life and functioning of any organization. Defining the term in its specific context, the culture of an organization pertains to an idea referring to the aspect of organizational studies and management which explains the attitudes, experiences, psychology, beliefs and values related to an organization. According to many management experts the concept of organizational culture is described as the explicit compilation of norms and values which are commonly shared by groups and people in an organization. These values, beliefs and norms also influence the way the people in an organization communicate and network with one another and with the external parties and stakeholders outside the organization. To extend it further, these ideas and beliefs explain the nature of goals that the members in an organization normally follow. The culture also translates the suitable standards of behaviors, attitudes and the environment w hich are used by the members of the organization. Leadership Leadership is one of the main elements of the organizational management. According to many management experts and gurus, the term is described as the process of influencing the society and the workforce in which one member acts as the leaders and lists the support and assistance for other people and the subordinate in order to achieve the completion of a tasks which is being worked on as a mutual goal. The act of leading refers to the creation of a way through which the people in an organization put in their efforts and contributions in order to contribute something unusual to happen. Talking specifically about the implementation and influence if leadership in the organization, the effectiveness of this act pertains to the capability of the /leader to execute a successful maximization and instability to successfully integrate and maximize available resources within the internal and external environment for the attainment o f organizational or societal goals 1 Microsoft Microsoft Corporation is the leading organization in the field of the provision of computer hardware and software products. The company is a public multinational based in America and is headquartered in Redmond, Washington, USA. The company is basically involved in the development, manufacturing, licensing and supporting a diverse variety of services and products which are chiefly connected to the computer-related technology thorough the divisions of many of its product divisions2. The history of Microsoft Corporation briefly dates back to April 4, 1975 and this was the time when BASIC interpreters was developed and sold to Altair 8800. The company also rose to control the computer operating system in the home market in mid-1980s with MS-DOS, which was later followed by the introduction of the modern Microsoft Windows line of operating systems. The Microsoft Corpora

The Role Of Principal Education Essay

The Role Of Principal Education Essay As the key intermediary between the classrooms, the individual school and the education system as a whole, effective school leadership are essential to improve the efficiency and equity of schooling. Within each individual school, leadership can contribute to improve student learning by shaping the conditions and climate in which teaching and learning occur. Beyond the school borders, school leaders can connect and adapt schools to changing external environments. And at the school-systems interface, school leadership provides a bridge between internal school improvements processes and externally initiated reform. But school leadership does not operate in static educational environments. As countries are seeking to adapt their education systems to the needs of contemporary society, the expectations for schools and school leaders have changed profoundly. Many countries have made schools more autonomous in their decision making while centralising standards and accountability requirements and demanding that schools adopt new research-based approaches to teaching and learning. In line with these changes, the roles and responsibilities of school leader have expanded and intensified. Given the increased autonomy and accountability of schools, leadership at the school level is more important than ever. The challenge facing education in the 21st century is to make changes to achieve higher levels of learning for all children (Ramsey, 2002). At the time of the present study, public schools are undergoing scrutiny and criticism of such magnitude; it is difficult to predict the future of public education. An increased emphasis on accountability and school improvement, including the utilization of ICT among teachers to enhance student achievement, is at the forefront of all education debates. Research has shown that appropriate use of ICTs to catalyze a paradigm shift in both content and pedagogy that is the heart of education reform in the 19th century. ICT-supported education to enhance the success of the ongoing knowledge and skills that will give the students continuous learning if properly designed and implimented. Leveraging ICT in an appropriate manner enables new methods of teaching and learning, especially for students in exploring exciting ways of problem solving in the context of education. New ways of teaching and learning is supported by constructivist learning theory and paradgm shift from prinbcipal and teacher-centered pedagogy of memorization and rote-learning to focus on student centered. (Thijs, A., et al. ,2010) Furthermore, the utilization ICT learning procedures and tools in the educational process, obviously leads to revolutionary changes in the roles of both teachers and learners as the emergence of new teaching and learning environment and finally for new virtual training that ultimately aims to facilitate the tools and resources to support communication and interaction as well as disseminate teaching materials via the web will in order to encourage promote enhance collaboration and cooperation among participants in the learning process. On the other hand, many author such as Salinas (2003) agree on the fact that the integration of ICT in education produce a set of transformations which transform all the elements that take part in the educational process such as organizations, students, curriculum, and notably, they affect teachers role, function and behavior . Nevertherless, investments in information and communication technology (ICT) for enhancing formal and non-formal education systems are essential for schools improvement (Tong Trinidad, 2005). According to Betz (2000), information technology will only be successfully implemented in schools if the principal actively supports it, learns as well, provides adequate professional development and supports for his/her staff in the process of change. In fact, school principals have a main responsibility for implementing and integrating ICT in schools (Schiller, 2003). Anderson and Dexter (2005) carried out a study on technology leadership behaviors of school principals and found that although technology infrastructure is important, technology leadership is even more necessary for effective utilization of technology in schools (p.49). Moreover, various other research studies support the literature that leadership is an important key factor in effective use of technology in education (Schiller, 2003; Anderson Dexter, 2005). Therefore, it can be said that technology leadership behaviors are important to successful implementation of educational technology plans (Chang, Chin Hsu, 2008). As such, the principal has consistently been recognized as a significant factor in school effectiveness of change process. The complexity of the job of a school administrator has demanded highly developed skills to carry out the many functions of the school operation. Exceptional leaders have always been rare, but many believe that they can be made as well as born (Abrashoff, 2002). At the same time, there is limited understanding about the ways that school leaders make a difference particularly in new technology integration. Principal leadership, along with the effectiveness of classroom teachers, has a great impact on student progress. The relationship of an administrators leadership style and its affect on teachers and student achievement has become critically important in continued research. Role of Principal Several definition of a principal, the first six do not mention their role as the leader of a school. Though, there are key phrases that most certainly apply to the position; highest in rank, authority, most considerable, and important. The definitions go on to mention that which pertains to a prince or being princely, along with a leader or one who takes the lead. What may be considered ironic is that acts independently is included as well. Because the role of a principal is extremely fluid, being shaped by a diverse set of concerns and values, conceptualizations are problematic (Brown, 2005). Evidence should be visible in a school of what a principal believes as a principal and what the school stands for (NAESP, 2001). The test of good leadership is the achievement of change in a system. Change can be difficult; however, it is necessary to abandon the past to pursue the future (Bell-Hobbs, 2008). Examining the ways in which principals lead their schools through change, and its effe ct on teachers attitude towards technology as well as student achievement and is critical to future educational research. Traditionally, the principal resembled the middle manager suggested in William Whytes 1950s classic The Organization Man as an overseer of buses, boilers and books. Today, in a rapidly changing era of standards-based reform and accountability, a different conception has emerged one closer to the model suggested by Jim Collins (2001) Good to Great, which draws lessons from contemporary corporate life to suggest leadership that focuses with great clarity on what is essential, what needs to be done and how to get it done. This shift brings with it dramatic changes in what public education needs from principals. They can no longer function simply as building managers, tasked with adhering to district rules, carrying out regulations and avoiding mistakes. They have to be (or become) leaders of learning who can develop a team delivering effective instruction. Wallaces work since 2000 suggests that this entails five key responsibilities: Shaping a vision of academic success for all students, one based on high standards Creating a climate hospitable to education in order that safety, a cooperative spirit and other foundations of fruitful interaction prevail. Cultivating leadership in others so that teachers and other adults assume their part in realizing the school vision. Improving instruction to enable teachers to teach at their best and students to learn at their utmost. Managing people, data and processes to foster school improvement. In addition, schools are no different. Principals who get high marks from teachers for creating a strong climate for instruction in their schools also receive higher marks than other principals for spurring leadership in the faculty, according to the research from the University of Minnesota and University of Toronto. (Bradley Portin, Paul Schneider, Michael DeArmond and Lauren Gundlach., 2003) In fact if test scores are any indication, the more willing principals are to spread leadership around, the better for the students. One of the most striking findings of the universities of Minnesota and Toronto report is that effective leadership from all sources such as principals, influential teachers, staff teams and others is associated with better student performance on math and reading tests. The relationship is strong albeit indirect: Good leadership, the study suggests, improves both teacher motivation and work settings. This, in turn, can fortify classroom instruction. Compared with lower-achieving schools, higher-achieving schools provided all stakeholders with greater influence on decisions, the researchers write.( Karen Seashore Louis, Kenneth Leithwood, Kyla L. Wahlstrom, Stephen E. Anderson et al. ,2010) The better results are due to collaboration between two parties. The higher performance of these schools might be explained as a consequence of the greater access they have to collective knowledge and wisdom embedded within their communities, the study concludes.( Karen Seashore Louis, Kenneth Leithwood, Kyla L. Wahlstrom, Stephen E. Anderson et al. ,2010) Principals may be relieved to find out, moreover, that their authority does not wane as others waxes. Clearly, school leadership is not a zero-sum game. Principals and district leaders have the most influence on decisions in all schools; however, they do not lose influence as others gain influence, Karen Seashore Louis, Kenneth Leithwood, Kyla L. Wahlstrom, Stephen E. Anderson et al., 2010). Indeed, although higher-performing schools awarded greater influence to most stakeholders. Little changed in these schools overall hierarchical structure. (Kenneth Leithwood, Karen Seashore Louis, Stephen Anderson, Kyla Wahlstrom,2004) .University of Washington research on leadership in urban school systems emphasizes the need for a leadership team role led by the principal and including assistant principals and teacher leaders and shared responsibility for student progress, a responsibility reflected in a set of agreements as well as unspoken norms among school staff.( Knapp et al., 2003) School leaders are in charge of connecting and adapting schools to their surrounding environments. According to Hargreaves et al. (2008), school leaders will increasingly need to lead out there beyond the school, as well as within it, in order to influence the environment that influences their own work with students. In small towns and rural areas, school leaders have traditionally stood among the most important leaders in their communities. While it may be argued that urbanisation, immigration and school size have weakened school-community ties, these and other pressures on family structures have at the same time contributed to make the community responsibilities of school leaders even more important today. Principal play an important role in strengthening the ties between school personnel and the communities that surround them (Fullan, 2001). Principals of the most successful schools in challenging circumstances are typically highly engaged with and trusted by the schools parents and wider community (Hargreaves et al., 2008). They also try to improve achievement and well-being for children by becoming more involved with other partners such as local businesses, sports clubs, faith-based groups and community organisations and by integrating the work of the school with welfare, law enforcement and other agencies (PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2007). Moreover, in rapidly changing societies, the goals and objectives to be achieved by schools and the ways to get there are not always clear and static. In increasingly globalised and knowledge-based economies, schools must lay the foundations for lifelong learning while at the same time dealing with new challenges such as changing demographic patterns, increased immigration, changing labour markets, new technologies and rapidly developing fields of knowledge. Consequently of these devel opments, schools are under enormous pressure to change and it is the role of Principal to deal effectively with the processes of change. The roles and responsibilities of school leadership in each of these scenarios would vary widely. School leaders must master the new forms of pedagogy themselves and they must learn how to monitor and improve their teachers new practice. Moreover, instead of serving as head teacher primus inter pares, they have to become leaders of learning responsible for building communities of professional practice. Methods of evaluation and professional development take more sophisticated application and principals must embed them into the fabric of the work day. While practices vary across countries, it is clear that school leadership is generally expected to play a more active role in instructional leadership: monitoring and evaluating teacher performance, conducting and arranging for mentoring and coaching, planning teacher professional development and orchestrating teamwork and cooperative instruction. Countries also note a shift in emphasis from more administration- and management-type funct ions to leadership functions of providing academic vision, strategic planning, developing deeper layers of leadership and building a culture and community of learning. As a result of the increasing central mandates and programmes, changing student populations and growing knowledge about effective practice, schools are under enormous pressure to change and it is the school leaders role to manage the processes of change. The transformation of policy into results occurs most critically through the adaptation of practice in the school and classroom. This process is complex and must be led intentionally and skilfully. In some cases, resistance to change needs to be overcome with carefully structured support, relevant information, a clear sense of purpose and goals and opportunities to learn requisite skills (Hall and Hord, 2005). While some changes are purely technical and can be readily accomplished, more significant change calls for deeper adjustment of values and beliefs about the work (Heifetz, 1998). Sophisticated skills of adaptive (Heifetz and Linsky, 2002) and transformational leadership (Burns, 1978; Leithwood, 1992; Leithwood and Jantzi, 1990; Leithwood and Jantzi, 2000) are needed here. Brief Understanding of Leadership The term leader has been included in the English language since about 1300 A.D., while the term leadership was introduced about 1800 A .D . (Stogdill, 1974, p . 7) . Historically speaking, the leadership position in past years was occupied by the person exhibiting most prowess, strength or power. Today, the leadership position seems to be dependent on the group that person leads and exerts some authority over. The leader maintains his position as long as group needs and/or goals are met. Yura (1976) indicated that regardless of their purpose, needs or goals, all groups have a basic commonality: they rely on leadership. A review of the literature revealed that earlier studies were directed at defining the ingredients of leadership. Despite those efforts, it appears that much remains unknown. At this point in time, it has been recognized that there is no clear cut agreement on the definitions of leadership styles or behaviour. This lack of consensus has led to much confusion on the topic. Amid all this, most authorities agree leadership styles can be learned and there is no one best style of leadership. Stogdill and Coons concentrated on two aspects of leader behavior : (1) What does an individual do while he operates as a leader, and (2) How does he go about what he does? As a working definition they stated, Leadership, as tentatively defined, is the behavior of an individual when he is directing the activities of a group toward a shared goal (Stogdill and Coons, 1957, pp . 6-7) . In 1977, Hersey and Blanchard defined leadership as the process of influencing the activities of an individual or group in efforts. Toward goal achievement in a given situation (Hersey and Blanchard, 1977, p. 84). From these definitions it follows that the leadership process is a function of the leader, followers and other situational variables. Barnard (1969) agreed that leadership is an involvement of the three variables listed above. In his discussion on The Nature of Leadership, he stated that, Whatever leadership is, I shall now make the much over simplified statement that it depends on three things: (1) the individual, (2) the followers, and (3) the conditions. Behavioral leadership theory focuses on what the leader does. It is different from personal trait theory because behavior can be observed. The observable behavior is not dependent upon either individual characteristics or the situation (Moloney, 1979, p. 23). Barnard (1969) defined leadership .as the quality of the behavior of individuals whereby they guide people or their activities in organized effort(p. 83). Researchers and writers have amassed a large body of literature in defining leadership. The results of the leadership definitional process have been plagued with uncertainties. This phenomenon Halpin (1958) cited in his attempt to define leadership . In his review of the literature, he stated : Leadership has been defined in numerous ways . The definition proposed here derives its value primarily from the relation to the body of theory being developed . In some respects it is more comprehensive than other more usual definitions ; in others it is more restricted . To lead is to engage in an act that initiates a structure-in-interaction or part of the process of solving problems . Halpin (1958) Stogdill (1974) devoted a chapter in his book to the definition of leadership . He, like Halpin, recognized the complexities of defining leadership . He was explicit in stating that : There are almost as many different definitions of leadership as there are persons who have attempted to define the concept. Nevertheless, there is sufficient similarity between definitions to permit a rough scheme of classification As a result of the research and theory about leadership behavior that was developed after 1945, Gerth and Mills (1953) stated : To understand leadership attention must be paid to : (1) the traits and motives of the leader as a man, (2) images that selected publics hold of him and their motives for following him, (3) the features of the role that he plays as a leader, (4) the institutional context in which he and his followers may be involved . (p . 405) Furthermore, leadership can be described by reference to two core functions. One function is providing direction; the other is exercising influence. Whatever else leaders do, they provide direction and exercise influence. This does not imply oversimplification. Each of these two leadership functions can be carried out in different ways, and the various modes of practice linked to the functions distinguish many models of leadership. In carrying out these two functions, leaders act in environments marked variously by stability and change. These conditions interact in complementary relationships. While stability is often associated with resistance and maintenance of the status quo, it is in fact difficult for leaders and other educators to leap forward from a wobbly foundation. To be more precise, it is stability and improvement that have this symbiotic relationship. Leaping forward from a wobbly foundation may well produce change, but not change of the sort that most of us value falling flat on your face is the image that comes to mind. Wobbly foundations and unwise leaping help to explain why the blizzard of changes adopted by our schools over the past half century have had little effect on the success of our students. School reform efforts have been most successful in those schools that have needed them least Elmore (1995). These have been schools with well-established processes and capacities in place, providing foundations on which to build in contrast to those schools, the ones most often of concern to reformers, short on essential infrastructure. In understanding these concept in a clarification of leadership means leadership is all about organizational improvement; more specifically, it is about establishing agreed-upon and worthwhile directions for the organization in question, and doing whatever it takes to prod and support people to move in those directions. Our general definition of leadership highlights these points: it is about direction and influence. Stability is the goal of what is often called management. Improvement is the goal of leadership. There are as many definitions of leadership as there are theorists. Theorists no longer explain leadership in terms of the individual or the group. They believe that the characteristics of the individual and the demands of the situation interact in such a manner as to permit one, or perhaps a few, persons to rise to leadership status. Principal Leadership Style Various researchers have tried to interpret school leadership in different manner. Peretomode (1991) stated the importance of Leadership in school for accomplishment of school programmes, objectives and attainment of educational goals. Cheng (1994) proposed that leadership in educational institutions compose of five major dimensions, namely: structural leadership, human leadership, political leadership, cultural leadership and educational leadership. These five dimensions describe the role and functions of school leader. However the functions of principal put a variety of demands and challenges for the principal Mestry and Grobler (2004). In an attempt to explain the requirements of a competent principal Cranston (2002) explained the skills and capacities which principals are expected to possess. Principals competencies can be measured from various dimensions; from the perceptions of students, teachers, parents, communities and their employers. For instance, Scotti Jr. and William (1997) agreed that teachers perceptions of their principals leadership is one of the many variables, which affect a schools productivity. Teachers perception of principals leadership style and behaviour is also positively related to teachers morale Hunter-Boykin and Evans (1995). Luo (2004) further contended that perceptions about principals as leaders by their teachers indicate an important dimension to evaluate the leaders capacities. According to him, understanding how teachers perceive their principals leadership capacities has a great significance and providing evidence for improvement of school leadership. Research has also demonstrated that teacher perceptions of their principals capabilities style and their working conditions will determine the organizational climate and culture of the schoo l. Such perceptions will also impact on the performance of the school. Research on leadership in non-school contexts is frequently driven by theory referred to by one of our colleagues as adjectival leadership models.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬- A recent review of such theory identified, for example, 21 leadership approaches that have been objects of considerable theoretical and empirical development. (Yammarino, Dionne, Chun, Dansereau, 2005). Seventeen have been especially attractive, and some of them have informed research in school contexts.( Leithwood Duke ,1999). Here are several best example of leadership style: Contingent leadership. Encompassing research on leadership styles, leader problem solving, and reflective leadership, this two-dimensional conception of leadership explains differences in leaderseffectiveness by reference to a task or relationship style and to the situations in which leaders find themselves. To be most effective, according to this model, leaders must match their styles to their settings. Participative leadership. Addressing attention to leadership in groups, shared leadership (Pearce Conger, 2003) and teacher leadership, (York-Barr Duke, 2004). This model is concerned with how leaders involve others in organizational decisions. Research informed by the model has investigated autocratic, consultative, and collaborative sharing styles. Transformational and charismatic leadership. This model focuses on ways in which leaders exercise influence over their colleagues and on the nature of leader-follower relations. Both forms of leadership emphasize communicating a compelling vision, conveying high performance expectations, projecting self confidence, modeling appropriate roles, expressing confidence in followersability to achieve goals, and emphasizing collective purpose. (Leithwood Jantzi, 2006). Nevertheless, leadership research also has been informed by models developed specifically for use in school- and district-level settings. Of these, the instructional leadership model is perhaps the most well known. It bears some resemblance to more general, task-oriented leadership theories. (Dorfman House, 2004). The instructional leadership concept implies a focus on classroom practice. Often, however, specific leadership practices required to establish and maintain that focus are poorly defined. The main underlying assumption is that instruction will improve if leaders provide detailed feedback to teachers, including suggestions for change. It follows that leaders must have the time, the knowledge, and the consultative skills needed to provide teachers in all the relevant grade levels and subject areas with valid, useful advice about their instructional practices. While these assumptions have an attractive ring to them, they rest on shaky ground, at best; the evidence to date suggests that few principals have made the time and demonstrated the ability to provide high quality instructional feedback to teachers. (Nelson Sassi ,2005). Importantly, the few well-developed models of instructional leadership posit a set of responsibilities for principals that go well beyond observing and intervening in classrooms responsibilities touching on vision, organizational culture, and the like. (Andrews Soder (1987), Duke (1987), and Hallinger ,2003). In addition, studies of school and principals leadership are replete with other adjectives purporting to capture something uniquely important about the object of inquiry such as learning leadership,( Reeves (2006). constructivist leadership, (Lambert et al. ,1995). and change leadership.( Wagner et al. 2006). Nonetheless, Boykin and Evans (1995) found that majority of the principals were rated as ineffective by their teachers. This reflects that there is a big discrepancy between what the principals are and how they are perceived by the teachers. And in Hong Kong, the images of the principal in the mind of pre-service primary teachers were found to be negative. Lee, Walker and Bodycott, (2000). A study by Luo and Najjar (2007), investigated Chinese principal leadership capacities as perceived by master teachers. Unlike in many developed countries where studies on principals competencies are available in multitude, such studies are still at its low in Malaysia. Keeping in mind the importance of role of the principal as a leader within the secondary school system, it is imperative to examine the leadership style in facilitaing change such as integrating ICT within school context. This is particularly so because of the fact that schools in this country serve for the large section of national students. Most studies in this country have focused on leadership qualities, rather than leadership style. The study therefore intends to fill this gap by investigating the perception of teachers on the leadership style of their principals in terms of facilitating change in implementing ICT utilization among teachers within school setting. Leadership Change Facilitator Style Previous research on leaders has explored traits, such as height, race, and gender. The work of Fiedler (1978) suggested that leaders style was dependent upon contingencies; meaning that different styles are needed for different styles. Blake and Mouton (1964) wrote that how a leader leads was in two dimensions; one in task and one in relationships. It was thought that the most effective leaders had high levels in both task and people skills. The level of maturity of the followers was thought to be reflective of the leaders success by Hersey and Blanchard (1988). Nearly all of the research on leaders and leadership models was built upon business and industry contexts. Educational organizations, namely schools, have much less to draw upon for research on leaders. What is lacking even more is the examination of leaders within the change processes. Research is rich in the areas of leadership and leaders. Debates are not difficult to find on the topics of effective leadership; what makes it, who has it, and how does one do it. An essential component to effective leadership in todays schools is the facilitation of change. How leaders implement changes can lead to either the success or the failure of any innovation. Change continues as a theme in all educational discussions. In 1992, Fullan and Miles wrote about getting reform right in schools. We can say flatly that reform will not be achieved until these seven orientations have been incorporated into the thinking and reflected in the actions of those involved in change efforts (p. 744). Those seven orientations are listed in Figure 2. One of the objectives of this research, like a few preceding it, is to identify the specific kinds of combinations of behaviors that principals can and should exhibit on a day-to-day basis to bring about increases in student achievement through implenting ICT utilization among teachers. Figure 1. Fullan and Miles orientations of change. If the role of the principal is critical, then it should be possible to identify principals actions that directly relate to increasing the academic performance of students on standardized testing. An understanding that has been developed through the work of Hall, Hord, and Griffin (1980) is the principle that not all principals are the same. Principals view their role and priorities differently and operationally define their roles differently in terms of what they actually do each day (Hall, Ruthoford, Hord, Huling, 1984) All leaders have a style. That has been established in research on industrial organizational leadership, change process, and educational administration. What has not been established is that there is not an operational definition of style. Furthermore, there is not a distinction drawn between leader behavior and leader style. The terms, and more troubling, the concepts have been used interchangeably. In most studies, followers were asked to identify individual behaviors of leaders, not the leaders behaviors in total. In 1978, Thomas conducted a study on 60 schools, looking at the role of school principals in managing diverse educational programs. As a result of this study, she identified three patterns of principal behavior, and identified them as: Director, Administrator, and Facilitator. Director principals maintained an active interest in all aspects of the school from curriculum and teacher to budgeting and scheduling. Administrator principals were said to make decisions in areas affecting the school as a whole, this, leaving teachers with a great deal of autonomy. Facilitator principals thought of themselves as colleagues of the faculty, and perceived th

Organizational Culture at Wal-Mart Essay

Explain how viable employee relations’ practices have contributed to Wal-Mart’s success as an employer When you think of the world’s largest retailer, Wal-Mart is usually the first name that comes to mind in its industry. With over 2 million employees, one must ask them-selves, why is Wal-Mart so successful and popular among employees? As a corporation, Wal-Mart focuses closely on its corporate culture and behaviors throughout the organization; paying close attention to satisfying both its customers and its employees. The company engages its employees to be happy to serve its customers, which is the reason they are employed. In an article titled, A culture of corporate at Wal-Mart, the author interviews a Wal-Mart management employee and writes, [â€Å"I think they’re very excited about us being here,† Copeland said, in reference to her staffers. â€Å"Just having to adjust [to the fact] that this is kind of like, corporate. That’s what we are. It’s not a typical ‘oh, I’m just coming to work.’ †¦ It’s not just being a cashier forever. Once they learned the benefits, the culture, it all started at the hiring center, it all started with the interviews. The expectations and what we wanted. They just carried that on from there. It’s like a fever everybody’s caught. This is just what it is. This is how our stores operate.†] (Yates, C.). Wal-Mart’s motto when it comes to employees is â€Å"our people make a difference† (Walmart). The company believes that its employees are the heart of its business and build an environment that is based upon integrity, respect, open-communication, and innovation. In fact, Wal-Mart has created four beliefs that it stands by to meet its purpose. Those beliefs are, â€Å"service to our customers, respect for the individual, strive for excellence, and act with integrity† (Walmart). Associates and corporate employees are reminded of those beliefs and strive to act on them every day. Even with bad publicity and criticism, Wal-Mart is still making plans to move forward to improve its employment practices and boost employment in the nation. In 2013, the company announced it would have plans to hire at least one hundred thousand veterans, purchase $50 billion dollars in American made products to help create various new jobs, and promote part-time workers to full-time. These types of employee relations’ practices help to relieve some of the bad criticism Wal-Mart has received and  contribute to retention among its employees in the corporation. Determine how the benefits may contribute to the success of Wal-Mart’s employment practice In today’s world, having great benefits are a deal breaker for many employees when choosing a company to work for. With the high cost of individual healthcare, workers want to ensure they are receiving the best benefits amongst competitors in their prospective industries. Wal-Mart focuses on offering affordable benefits to its employees that include health benefits such as health, dental, and vision with four dollar co-pays for generic medicines, financial benefits such retirement plans, employee stock purchase, employee discounts at Wal-Mart stores and subsidiaries, and discounts wireless services. The company offers great benefits that for sure contribute to best employment practices and the retention employees. These employee benefits are also contributing factors of why there aren’t many unions within the corporation; because many employees are satisfied. Describe how the organizational culture and the use of performance criteria could affect the introduction of a union Unionization is described as â€Å"the process of organizing the employees of a company into a labor union which will act as an intermediary between the employees and company management† (BusinessDictionary). In most cases, when management does not effectively communicate with employees on issues and concerns within the company, employees seek to form a union to act as the liaison on issues they would like resolved. Wal-Mart as a company is highly concerned about addressing issues with its employees. In fact, the company has created a open door policy that states [â€Å"We believe open communication is critical to understanding our associates’ and our customers’ needs. Associates can trust and rely on our open door policy. You are encouraged to raise your questions, concerns and ideas to your management team. This is how we get better.†] (Walmart). Wal-Mart is very much aware of criticized issues and continues to use the employee relation’s process to come up with best practice solutions to rectify these issues for  a more satisfied employee. Discuss why you believe Wal-Mart has not been effectively unionized over the years I believe that unionization has not been effective over the years because of the open door policy that Wal-Mart creates with its employees. Employees may realize the pros and cons of a union and either back out or I believe once Wal-Mart realizes employees feel their concerns are not being handled effectively, as organization they quickly organize a plan of action. In an article titled, Walmart: We Aren’t Unionized Because Workers Don’t Want Unions, the Director of Communications Steve Restivo states, â€Å"We have a clear and open line of communication with our associates. Our associates recognize that they appreciate that, and they know that the wages and benefits they receive are extremely competitive in the industry.† (DePillis, L.). â€Æ'References and Citations Walmart Corporate – Working at Walmart. (n.d.). Walmart Corporate – Working at Walmart. Retrieved May 4, 2014, from http://corporate.walmart.com/our-story/working-at-walmart/ Yates, C. (2013, December 4). A culture of corporate at Wal-Mart. Washington Post. Retrieved May 4, 2014, from http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/local/wp/2013/12/04/a-culture-of-corporate-at-wal-mart/?tid=pm_local_pop Working At Walmart. (n.d.). Walmart Careers. Retrieved May 4, 2014, from http://careers.walmart.com/about-us/working-at-walmart/#benefits-accordion Vranjes, T. (2013, February 9). Walmart Promises Bold Moves to Boost Employment  « Revive My Career. Revive My Career Walmart Promises Bold Moves to Boost Employment Comments. Retrieved May 4, 2014, from http://www.revivemycareer.com/2013/02/19/walmart-promises-bold-moves-to-boost-employment/ DePillis, L. (2011, May 19). Walmart: We Aren’t Unionized Because Workers Don’t Want Unions. Housing Complex RSS. Retrieved May 4, 2014, from http://www.washingtoncitypaper.com/blogs/housingcomplex/2011/05/19/walmart-we-arent-unionized-because-workers-dont-want-unions/ What is unionization?